Paradigm change refers to a fundamental shift in the way that researchers approach and understand a particular topic or field. This can involve a drastic change in theoretical frameworks, research methods, or accepted beliefs within a discipline. Paradigm changes often occur when new evidence or theories challenge the existing understanding of a topic, leading to a reevaluation of current practices and the development of new ideas and approaches. This process can be disruptive, but it is also essential for driving scientific progress and innovation.